Journal of Bionic Engineering (2024) 21:1265–1277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-024-00497-4

Design and Gait Planning of a Worm?inspired Metameric Robot for Pipe Crawling

Yu Liu1  · Qingbiao Shi1 · Zhen Chen1

1 Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China

Abstract

The earthworm has been attracted much attention in the research and development of biomimetic robots due to their unique locomotion mechanism, compact structure, and small motion space. This paper presents a new design and prototype of a worm-inspired metameric robot with a movement pattern similar to that of earthworms. The robot consists of multiple telescopic modules connected in series through joint modules. The telescopic module mimics the contraction and elongation motion modes of the earthworm segments. A kinematic and dynamic analysis is conducted on the telescopic module, and an input torque calculation method is provided to ensure sufcient friction between the robot and the pipe wall. The gait modes of the prototype robot for straight and turning locomotion are introduced, and these modes are extended to robots constructed by diferent numbers of telescopic modules. In addition, a method is proposed to increase the friction between the robot and the pipe wall in the aforementioned gait modes without changing the robot structure, thereby improving the robot’s motion ability in pipelines. The theoretical model of gait modes has also been validated through gait experiments. The fndings of this paper would provide a useful basis for the design, modeling, and control of future worm inspired robots.

Keywords Bio-inspired robot · Spatial linkage mechanism · Kinematics model · Peristaltic locomotion